The potential value a startup needs to attract VC funding can vary depending on several factors, including the industry, growth potential, and the specific investment criteria of VC firms. While there is no fixed threshold, I can provide some general considerations based on the example you provided:

1. Market Opportunity: Although a market size of $150,000 in annual revenue may be relatively small, VC firms may still consider investing if the startup can demonstrate a compelling value proposition and a clear plan to capture a significant share of the market. The startup would need to present a strong case for why it can effectively target and expand its customer base to generate substantial growth.

2. Revenue Potential: In the example you provided, with a maximum annual revenue of $9 million, the startup may need to convince investors that it can achieve and sustain such revenue levels. VCs often look for startups with the potential to scale rapidly and generate significant returns on investment. The startup should highlight factors such as customer acquisition strategies, retention rates, and potential upsell or cross-sell opportunities to showcase their revenue growth potential.

3. Cost Structure: With estimated costs of less than $500,000 annually, the startup would need to demonstrate that their cost structure is manageable and scalable. Efficient cost management and the ability to scale operations without incurring disproportionate expenses are important considerations for VCs.

4. Profitability and Financial Projections: While profitability is not always a prerequisite for VC funding, the startup should present a clear path to profitability and a compelling financial projection that showcases the potential for positive cash flow and returns on investment. This can include demonstrating how they plan to increase revenue, control costs, and achieve profitability within a reasonable timeframe.

It's worth noting that the specific circumstances, growth potential, and competitive landscape of the startup will heavily influence VC interest. Additionally, VC firms may have different investment criteria and preferences. It's important for startups to conduct thorough research, build a strong business case, and tailor their pitch to target investors who have a track record of investing in their industry and stage of development.